Colourful Skittles

 Aim:

I want to find out what happens when you mix Skittles colours.

Method:

Equipment

- Skittles

- Petri Dish

- Warm Water

- Beaker 

- White Background

Instructions

1. Get your Equipment

2. Place Petri dish on the white background

3. Put your Skittles around the inside edges of the petri dish

4. Pour warm water gently into the middle of the petri dish

5. Observe what happens

Prediction: 

I think that the Skittles will get all the colour drained (become white).

Results and Conclusion

When the water was poured the colours started fading on the underneath and the colours drifting to the middle slowly.

Discussion;

1. The colours dissolved into the water  

(When a solid is mixed into a liquid, creating a solution)

Why did the colours spread?

The food colouring and sugar peels off staining the water, 

when you pour warm water over it the colour go along with the water

then spreading through the water into the middle till all the water is coloured)

Once the colours dissolved into the liquid

the high concentration of colour moved into the middle where there

was a low concentration of colour this is called diffusion

What is a Base?

 pH means potential/power of Hydrogen

The strength of an Acid is measured on the pH scale, it starts from 0, to 14.
If the water turns-

-Red it is 0-1 on the pH scale
-Orange it is 2-3 on the pH scale
-Yellow it is 4-6 on the pH scale
-Green it is 7 on the pH scale
-Blue it is 8-9 on the pH scale
-Indigo it is 10-11 on the pH scale
-Violet it is 13-14 on the pH scale

As you can tell it is all the colours of the rainbow
Adding a few drops of Acid makes it from 0-6 depending on how much you add 
Adding a couple drops of Base makes it go between 8-14 depending on how much you add
having it balanced in the middle makes it green, the number 7, on the pH scale, also meaning its just plain water, 

How it works is the acid and the base balance each other out, meaning they both are basically not even in the water.

Also to make it work put green food colour into the water making it plain green water, also when you add the acid or base, stir it, but don't use something that can change the outcome, r that the acid or base will harm.

pH is the log, or the hydrogen concentration, log is a mathematical term for counting how many decimals there are in a number.

Any Base is the polar opposite chemical of any Acid.

A Base contains hydroxide as an Acid contains Hydrogen.

adding the same amount of Acid and Base makes them cancel each other out, where as if there is more acid, the acid will take over, and vice versa.

H (Acid) -OH (Base)

An Acid and a Base neutralises the chemicals creating HOH or Water (H2O) 

Conclusion

A base can be different things in chemistry, more known as a chemical, that changes most things colour, like it can change plain green water, to a cyan, deep blue, indigo, or violet, and can change red litmus paper to blue, It's also known as an polar opposite of the other chemical, Acid.

What is Acid?

Names of Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Nitric Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Acetic Acid
Citric Acid
Formic Acid
Tartaric Acid 

Formulae of Acids
HCl (L not I)
H₂SO₄
HNO₃
H₃PO₄
CH₃COOH

Formic Acid = The poison bee sting (The only way to get the Acid out is toothpaste, put Vinegar on Wasp Sting)

Where do you find Acid?
Plaque Acid on your Teeth (Toothpaste can help)
Stomach Acid (Hydrochloric Acid)
Battery Acid (Sulfuric Acid)
Lemon and Orange Acid (Citric Acid)
Vinegar (Acetic Acid)
Bee-String (Formic Acid)
Coca Cola (Carbonic Acid)

What is Acid?
An Acid is a chemical that contains Hydrogen Atoms that break off to react with different substance's.

Litmus Paper changes colour in Acid, Blue litmus paper changes to red, red litmus paper doesn't change in Acid, so if you put red litmus paper in acid it doesn't change.

Red Cabbage Indicator

 

Aim;
I want to find out how to tell if something is an acid.

Method;

Equipment;

- Beaker 
- Red cabbage
-Boiling water
-Test Tubes
- Hydrochloride Acid and Hydroxide
- Dropper

Instructions
1.  Collect and set up Equipment
2. tear the Red Cabbage into small pieces and put in beaker
3. Pour 100mm of the freshly boiled water into the beaker.
4. Add 2cm of the acid to one of the end tubes, the big one and 2cm of the Hydroxide to the other
5. Add the Red Cabbage water into the two tubes using the dropper
6. Watch the colours and mix them seeing what colours you can make.

Results;

The mix made multiple different colours, we could even layer colours on top of one another, with only the two main colours, yellow and pink, we made purple, blue, a brighter pink, a greenish blue, and green. The colours were nice to watch mix.

Homemade Sherbet

 Aim; I want to find out how to make sherbet

Research; 

Method;

Equipment; 

- Cup

- Baking Powder

- Citric Acid

- Sugar or Raro

- Popsicle stick

-Teaspoon

Instructions;

1. Get your equipment

2.  Add a teaspoon of raro/sugar into the cup

3. Add half a teaspoon of baking powder into the cup

4. Add half a teaspoon of citric acid into the cup 

5. mix the substance with the Popsicle stick

6. Taste the homemade substance, adjusting only if you need it

-baking powder to balance the citric acid and vice versa-

Results;

Once mine went in my mouth it gave a small sting in my mouth and nose before calming and tasting nice and sweet with a small amount of foam, the reason it foamed was because the gas carbon dioxide was made in my mouth by the powders as they mixed along with my saliva.

Discussion;

Citric Acid + Sodium bicarbonate --> Carbon Dioxide

or

C6H8O7 + NaHCO3 --> CO2

The Mount Eberus Plane Crash; November 28th, 1979

  The Eberus Plane Crash; November 28th, 1979

I think this disaster will be a plane crash on the 28th of November 1979, and there are no survives, and it crashes into snow.

I think i will find out where it happened and how people were on the plane, why no one survived, why were they in Antarctica.

1. IT was heading on a sight seeings trip around Antarctica, seeing McMurdo sound, Scott base,

2. Captain Jim Collins and co-pilot first officer Greg Cassin

3. So passengers could get a better view of the outside, not knowing he was flying into a mountain.

4. The flight path had been changed but the pilot and co-pilot hadn't been told, and they couldn't see where they were going because of the white out, meaning they couldn't tell the difference between the land and the sky.

5. The crash happened at 12:49 PM on Wednesday November 28th 1979, but it took till 1:25AM to find the remainder of the crash.

-

Video #1

-is the worst new Zealand air disaster 
-the plane picked up people from both Auckland and Christchurch
-There were two flight engineers
-there were five flight crew and 15 fight attendants
-the navigation doesn't work as well near the earths poles
-the Erebus mountain is an active volcano
-international navigation system (INS)
-they were only supposed to go down to 6,000 feet but they went down to 450 feet.
-they were 30/40 feet away from where they thought they were

Video #2

-It took off from Auckland at 8:00 AM
-IT made a 45 minute stop at Christchurch to pick up more people
-$359 per person for the sightseeing plane
-There were 237 passengers aboard the plane
-2,000 feet of snow
-They said that they should go down to 1,500 ft
-It thought the snow was still clouds
-they circle twisted whilst descending
-unknown to the crew the aircraft was flying towards Erebus mountain, since it is covered in snow it is hard for the crew to see it.
-12:49 the alarm tells them to pull up
-they tried to turn the plane around but were unable to as it was to late.
-The aircraft broke and caught fire

-

Resources- The videos above

-

Reflection

-

We are learning about the Eberus Plane Crash,

This work shows my learning because its stuff i learnt about the plane crash

I am wondering how everyone died, like they can't have all died from impact, some probably bleeding out and stuff.

Looking back on my predictions i was correct about what it was and the date and time.

The Wahine, April 10th 1968

 The Wahine 

I believe this is about a ship on April 10th 1986 that sunk among the water

I think I will find out the time that it happened, what happened to the people aboard the ship, and how it happened

1. The weather was very bad having two huge storms 

2.The Wahine was going to wellington harbour

3.Only three lifeboats, as only four could be released and one of them sinking immediately

4.The rest were forced to jump in the water and swim to shore

5.Rescuers were unable to get to shore because there was things blocking the road

6.In total 53 people died. 

Video #1

-The wreck sunk deeper into the harbour

-The ship was carrying 68 cars and 25 tons of general cargo

-It also had 144 bags of mail aboard

-The harbour was closed early that morning

-Skin divers went out to the wreck that day to get a good look at the ship

-There had been a report from one rescue craft that tapping had been heard coming from inside the house 

-They checks all around the ship inside and out but found nothing 

-Skin divers later that had investigated the wreck have found there is no sign of survivors aboard

-All available police had been working around the harbour that day

Video #2

-The Wahine laid on its side by the wellington harbour 

-46 bodies were found dead

-6 people were not found

-566 passengers and 110 crew were safe

-Some police think that the number missing may increase

-The search continued for at least another two days

Poster

Resources- The Videos above and the book; no safe harbour 

Reflection

I am learning about the Wahine, that sunk in 1968

This work shows my learning because its a reflection on what i have learnt about the Wahine

I am wondering how many people are still alive today that was on that ferry and if they ever went on another ferry

Looking back on my predictions i got the date and what had happened correct